Laser Processing
Laser processing is a process that uses the thermal energy of focused laser light to cut, punch holes in, engrave, or discolor fabric and trims.
Contents6 sections
Definition and Overview
Laser processing is a process that focuses laser light into a narrow area and uses heat to remove part of a material or change the surface color and texture. On fabrics, it is used for pattern expression, cutout holes, and cutting edges, and on accessories such as buttons, it is also used to create logos and letters.
“Laser cutting” often refers to cutting out or trimming fabric, while “laser engraving” often refers to shaving the surface, scorching it, or changing the tone. However, these are sometimes collectively referred to as laser processing.
Texture and Visual Characteristics
The processed area shows visual changes such as scorch marks, lightening, unevenness, and cutout patterns depending on the material and processing conditions. A key feature is that patterns can be created by changing the material itself, rather than applying ink like printing.
It is well suited to expressing delicate perforated patterns, fine lines, and logos, and is used for denim fading effects, lace-like cutouts, and surface design on synthetic leather. On the other hand, heat may make the processed area harder or cause discoloration.
- The processing result varies depending on the type of fiber, color, thickness, weave structure, and whether there is fuzz.
- Heat-melting synthetic fibers may have hardened cut edges or fused edges.
- Natural fibers may show noticeable scorching or yellowing depending on the processing conditions.
Main Applications and Suitable Items
Laser processing is used for cutout patterns on shirts and blouses, ventilation holes in cut-and-sew tops, used-look effects on denim and twill, and patterning on suede-like materials. Because it can combine cutting and design expression, it is also suitable for detailed design work.
Hole-making for improved breathability is considered for sportswear, outdoor wear, and lightweight spring/summer garments. However, hole processing alone does not guarantee overall comfort or durability of the garment, so the fabric design and intended use must be considered together.
Selection and Handling Notes
When planning, prototypes should be made using the same material, color, and processing conditions as mass production, and the reproducibility of the pattern, discoloration, strength of the processed area, and skin feel should be checked. Because dark and light colors, and natural and synthetic fibers, react differently in appearance and to heat, it is important to check multiple colorways.
Because processing partially removes or changes the fabric structure and fibers, the processed edges may fray, curl, or stretch after washing. Washing conditions should follow the material and processing specifications, and before mass production, washing tests and dimensional change checks should be carried out.
In sewing, stitches that cross over perforated or engraved areas may weaken the fabric. Seam allowance and stitch positions should be planned in advance, keeping them away from the processed pattern, and reinforcement fabric may be used together.
Differences from Similar Processes
Printing is a process that applies dyes or pigments to the surface of the fabric to create a pattern. Laser processing changes the fabric itself through heat, so the texture of the pattern, the appearance on the reverse side, and the method for checking durability differ from printing.
Embossing is a process that creates a raised or recessed pattern using heat or pressure. Laser processing can also create a three-dimensional effect, but it differs in that it also includes cutouts, surface removal, and discoloration. Cutwork refers to a finished perforated pattern, and laser processing is one method for creating those holes.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does fabric that has undergone laser processing shrink when washed?
The degree of shrinkage depends not only on whether it has been processed, but also on the type of fiber, structure, pre-shrink treatment, and washing method. Because laser-processed areas are affected by heat, it is important to wash the product in its finished state before mass production and check dimensional change, edge fraying, and discoloration.
Does laser-cut fabric not need edge finishing?
With heat-melting fibers, the cut edges may harden and appear less likely to fray, but edge finishing is not unnecessary for all materials. Woven fabrics may fray, and knits may curl or ladder. Sewing tests should be performed according to the material and the part of the garment where it is used.
How should laser processing and printing be used differently?
Printing is considered for patterns with many colors or photo-like expression, while laser processing is considered for material color contrast, scorch effects, cutout holes, and engraved effects. In addition to the desired appearance, selection should be based on comparison of heat impact on the material, processing area, and changes after washing.
