Hardshell And Softshell
Hardshell and softshell are classifications for outer fabrics or products used in outdoor apparel. They refer to hardshell, which emphasizes waterproof and windproof performance, and softshell, which emphasizes stretch and breathability.
Contents6 sections
Definition and Overview
Hardshell and softshell are terms that describe the functional design of fabrics and products used mainly in outdoor apparel, rather than weave structure or a specific fiber name. They are used differently depending on the required weather protection, activity level, and layering method.
Hardshell is often designed as an outer layer to protect against rain, snow, and wind, while softshell is an intermediate outer garment that emphasizes ease of movement during activity and reduced stuffiness inside the clothing. However, the functional range varies by product.
Features
Hardshell is generally constructed by laminating a waterproof breathable membrane to the outer fabric or applying a coating to the back side to provide waterproof and windproof performance. The surface is relatively smooth and firm, and seam tape may also be used to reduce water penetration through the stitching.
Softshell combines stretch, wind resistance, and water repellency in woven fabrics or knits. It is supple and follows body movement easily, and while it is generally more breathable than hardshell, resistance to heavy rain depends on the material construction.
- Hardshell: prioritizes protection against rain and wind and is used as the outermost layer in layering.
- Softshell: prioritizes mobility and breathability and is used as activewear.
- For both, water repellency alone cannot determine whether the fabric is waterproof.
Main Applications
Hardshell is used for items intended for rain, snow, or strong wind, such as rain jackets, mountain parkas, and outerwear for skiing and snowboarding. Depending on the application, lining or quilt batting is combined, from rainy weather in spring and autumn to cold-weather layering in winter.
Softshell is used for trekking, running, cycling, workwear, and light blousons or pants. It is especially suitable for spring and autumn, when temperatures change and activity levels are high, but it is also used in cold seasons when combined with a thermal layer.
Selection and Care Notes
When selecting, check the required water resistance, moisture permeability, wind resistance, breathability, stretch, and fabric weight against the specification conditions. If rain protection is the main purpose, confirm waterproof performance and seam specifications; if the main purpose is wear during activity, confirm stretch recovery and resistance to stuffiness.
Laminated or bonded fabrics and coated fabrics may allow needle holes to become pathways for water penetration. In sewing, match the needle, thread, and stitch density to the fabric, and consider seam tape treatment as needed. For thick fabrics, pay attention to step differences at overlapped areas and marks from the presser foot.
Wash according to the product care label. Fabric softener, strong friction, and high-temperature drying may affect water repellency and the performance of membranes or coatings. For items containing natural fibers or with a brushed surface, check for shrinkage and changes in appearance after washing.
Differences from Similar Terms
Hardshell and softshell are terms that are often confused with water-repellent treatment, waterproof breathable, and laminate or bonding. Water-repellent treatment is a surface function that makes water bead up more easily, and it does not by itself guarantee the waterproof performance of the entire fabric.
Waterproof breathable refers to performance or structures that prevent water from entering while allowing water vapor to pass through, and it is a function often used in hardshell. On the other hand, some softshell products also use waterproof breathable materials, so performance should not be judged by the name alone; check test values and product specifications.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can softshell be used as rain gear?
Many softshell products have water repellency intended to handle light rain, but waterproof performance in heavy rain or prolonged rainfall varies by material. If choosing it as rain gear, check not only water repellency but also waterproof performance, seam treatment, and water resistance specifications.
Does hardshell have stretch?
Some hardshells do have stretch. However, hardshell generally prioritizes weather resistance, so its stretch and breathability are not always on the same level as softshell. Check the actual fabric according to the required range of motion, the number of layers worn, and the intended use.
If a fabric's water-repellent treatment weakens, does it also lose waterproof performance?
If surface water repellency decreases, water droplets may spread out, leading to a clammy feel and a wet sensation. However, if the waterproof membrane or coating remains sound, the overall waterproof function does not necessarily disappear immediately. Performance evaluation and care should follow the product label and material specifications.
